Strature BriefsDecision BriefNo. 024Edition 1.0 (archive)30 Sep 2026
Decision Brief · Canada and the United States

Canada–US trade: who is exposed

Exposure is set by the tariff line, not the sector: 666 US lines carry the Section 338 duty of 50 per cent, and 68 are excluded from importation since 29 September 2026.

Archive edition. Researched 25 September 2026; harmonised to the current house standard 30 September 2026. Evidence to 30 September 2026; facts refreshed 30 September 2026.

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Live exhibits

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Each exhibit is drawn from the edition’s own data, with its source and credit as printed. Its data can be downloaded as CSV.

Exhibit X1 · Decision Brief No. 024
598 of the 666 duty lines sit outside the 29 September exclusion
US tariff lines on the three Section 338 lists, count · HTSUS Revision 20 (2026) and Proclamations 11061-11063 · denominator: 666 lines

Dashed line: Half of 666 · 333

Excluded in all packing40
Excluded only when packaged28
Duty only, not excluded598
265 past half
US tariff lines
598 of the 666 duty lines sit outside the 29 September exclusion: the data
ItemUS tariff lines
Excluded in all packing40
Excluded only when packaged28
Duty only, not excluded598
SourceUSITC, HTSUS Revision 20 (2026), ch. 99 U.S. note 51, retrieved 30 Sep 2026; annexes to Proclamations 11061, 11062 and 11063, 91 FR 58311-58329; CBP CSMS #70050970, 28 Sep 2026.LicenceUS Government works (17 U.S.C. 105): Federal Register, HTSUS, CBP. Counts are Strature's arithmetic on them.How to read this plateThe accent marks the row the exhibit's title is about; the dashed line is the datum each bar is read against.DataDownload the data (CSV)Strature
Exhibit X2 · Decision Brief No. 024
565 of 666 duty lines sit on lists whose proclamations name a federal measure
US tariff lines by the level of Canadian government whose measure each Section 338 proclamation names, count · Proclamations 11046-11048 · denominator: 666 lines

Dashed line: Half of 666 · 333

Federal measure named (9903.03.13 and .14)565
232 past half
Provincial measure named (9903.03.12)101
US tariff lines
565 of 666 duty lines sit on lists whose proclamations name a federal measure: the data
ItemUS tariff lines
Federal measure named (9903.03.13 and .14)565
Provincial measure named (9903.03.12)101
SourceProclamations 11046, 11047 and 11048, 91 FR 46639-46688, 23 Jul 2026; line counts from HTSUS Revision 20 (2026), U.S. note 51, retrieved 30 Sep 2026.LicenceUS Government works (17 U.S.C. 105). Counts are Strature's arithmetic on them.How to read this plateThe accent marks the row the exhibit's title is about; the dashed line is the datum each bar is read against.DataDownload the data (CSV)Strature
Exhibit X3 · Decision Brief No. 024
Duty on Canadian goods ran 2.8% in July 2026, under half the all-origin rate
Duty as % of the value of US imports from Canada · USAFacts, 25 Sep 2026

Dashed line: All origins · 6.5%

Canada, 2025 average2.6%
Canada, January to July 20263.1%
Canada, July 20262.8%
3.7 pts under
Duty collected, % of import value
Duty on Canadian goods ran 2.8% in July 2026, under half the all-origin rate: the data
ItemDuty collected, % of import value
Canada, 2025 average2.6%
Canada, January to July 20263.1%
Canada, July 20262.8%
SourceAdapted from USAFacts, 'What is the average US tariff rate for Canada?' (updated 25 Sep 2026), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). Changes: values re-plotted and a comparison line added by Strature. This exhibit is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.LicenceAdapted from USAFacts, 'What is the average US tariff rate for Canada?' (updated 25 Sep 2026), licensed CC BY-SA 4.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). Changes: values re-plotted and a comparison line added by Strature. This exhibit is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Underlying US Census Bureau data: a US Government work.How to read this plateThe accent marks the row the exhibit's title is about; the dashed line is the datum each bar is read against.DataDownload the data (CSV)Strature
Exhibit X4 · Decision Brief No. 024
The instruments took effect before any collection figure covered them
Dated US instruments and scheduled statistical releases, July to December 2026 · Federal Register, CBP, US Census Bureau, Finance Canada
  1. 20 Jul 2026Duties set
  2. 22 Aug 202650% in force
  3. 15 Sep 2026Lists changed
  4. 29 Sep 2026Exclusion
  5. 30 Sep 2026Evidence date
  6. 6 Oct 2026FT900, August
  7. 4 Nov 2026FT900, September
  8. 27 Nov 2026Fiscal Monitor, September

15 Jul 2026 to 30 Nov 2026

Source91 FR 46639-46688 and 58311-58346; CBP CSMS #69851916 and #70050970; US Census Bureau release schedule and Finance Canada Fiscal Monitor page, both retrieved 30 Sep 2026.LicenceDates are facts from US Government works and Government of Canada release schedules; no layout is reproduced.How to read this plateSolid: dated and passed by the evidence date. Hollow: scheduled after it.DataDownload the data (CSV)Strature
Since publication

What has changed since the research, dated.

Registered forecasts are never changed: they stay as issued and are scored as registered. Facts found after the research date are listed here with their date and source.

No forecast is registered with this edition.

Facts since the research date

  1. 25 Sep 2026

    USAFacts updated its series: duty collected on US imports from Canada was 2.8% of their value in July 2026 (research: 2.9% in June 2026), against 6.5% for all origins (research: 6.8%). January to July 2026 averaged 3.1%.

    USAFacts, retrieved 30 Sep 2026

  2. 28 Sep 2026

    HTSUS Revision 20 (2026) became the current schedule. The 26 headings naming Canada are unchanged in description and rate, and U.S. note 51 still lists 101, 52 and 513 lines (666). Subdivision (c) still applies the exemption to duties under 9903.03.13.

    USITC HTS release list and chapter 99, retrieved 30 Sep 2026

  3. 28 Sep 2026

    CBP issued guidance on the exclusion: entries containing covered products are rejected from 12:01 a.m. on 29 September; exclusion bars foreign-trade-zone and bonded-warehouse admission and in-bond transport; goods imported earlier may be entered at the 50% duty.

    CBP CSMS #70050970, retrieved 30 Sep 2026

  4. 29 Sep 2026

    The exclusion from importation took effect. Date passed. Published estimates differ by a factor of about twenty and may not measure the same thing: Blakes puts the excluded goods at nearly US$1 billion; CNBC, citing the American Action Forum, reports around $19.9 billion. The conflict is printed, not resolved.

    Blakes, timeline, 29 Sep 2026; CNBC, 29 Sep 2026; both retrieved 30 Sep 2026

  5. 29 Sep 2026

    The Prime Minister said Canada has no plans to apply new trade pressure on the United States and stands ready to negotiate.

    The Canadian Press via CP24, 29 Sep 2026, retrieved 30 Sep 2026

  6. 30 Sep 2026

    No presidential document naming Canada was found in the Federal Register after the procurement memorandum of 21 Sep 2026, searched to 30 Sep 2026.

    Federal Register API, retrieved 30 Sep 2026

  7. 30 Sep 2026

    The US Census Bureau schedules the FT900 for August 2026 on 6 Oct 2026 (research: about 8 Oct) and for September 2026 on 4 Nov 2026. Finance Canada lists the Fiscal Monitor for August 2026 no later than 30 Oct 2026 and for September 2026 no later than 27 Nov 2026.

    census.gov release schedule; canada.ca Fiscal Monitor page; both retrieved 30 Sep 2026

No new forecast is issued with these facts; a new view would be a new, separately dated forecast.

Strature GPS · Questions this brief answers

12 questions answered, each on the map.

Each answer is quoted verbatim from the brief, with the section that answers it and the countries it touches. Answers with a register ID are our estimates, scored when they resolve; the others are the brief’s reading of the evidence, not forecasts.

Countries in this brief, on Strature GPS

Answered in: Brief

GeoeconomicGeopolitical30 Sep 2026

Who is exposed to the US measures on Canadian goods, and to which instruments?

“Exposure is set by the tariff line, not the sector: 666 US lines carry the Section 338 duty of 50 per cent, and 68 are excluded from importation since 29 September 2026.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 02. Twenty-six headings name Canada, and 23 remain in force

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

Which US measures name Canada, and which applies to a given good?

“Three headings have closed: 9903.05.85, 9903.45.27 and 9903.53.01. The other 23 are in force.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 03. 666 lines carry the 50% duty, and the largest list is not a sector

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

How many US tariff lines carry the 50% Section 338 duty, and is the largest list a sector?

“Heading 9903.03.14 holds 513 lines. Its four largest groups are wood (64 lines), furniture (56), electrical goods (39) and paper (31): 190 of 513, or 37%.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 04. At least four US measures can reach the same Canadian good

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

Do the US measures stack, and does CUSMA origin remove them?

“CUSMA origin removes the broad 35% measure and the 10% measures; the schedule gives it no effect on the Section 338 duty or on Section 232.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 05. Published trade data cannot see the line the measure is written at

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

Can published trade data size the trade exposed to the Section 338 lists?

“The value of the trade on the Section 338 lists is NOT DISCLOSED here. What would close it: a licensed trade series read against the 666 lines.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 06. Four conditions each need their own test

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

Is exposure one condition or several?

“The four are cases, not a sample, and a firm can move between conditions on a single proclamation.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 07. The annexes reach far less than their titles suggest

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

What does the US exclusion from importation of 29 September 2026 reach?

“Proclamation 11063, titled with respect to motor vehicles, excludes one tariff line from importation: motorcycles over 800 cc. It reaches no cars, trucks or parts.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 08. The exemption names metals, wood and vehicles but applies, as drafted, only to the dairy list

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

Whom does the steel, wood and vehicle exemption reach?

“The published position of both documents is that the exemption reaches the dairy list only.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 09. The duty collected on Canadian goods stayed near 3% to July 2026

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

What duty is actually being collected on Canadian goods?

“The duty collected on US imports from Canada was 2.8% of their value in July 2026, against 6.5% for imports from all origins.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 10. 565 of the 666 lines sit on lists that name a federal measure

GeoeconomicGeopolitical30 Sep 2026

Whose conduct do the Section 338 proclamations name?

“For lines on 9903.03.13 and 9903.03.14, the measures the United States names are a federal quota allocation and a federal Order in Council (SOR/2025-118), both published.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: 11. A procurement memorandum reaches firms that pay no duty

GeoeconomicGeopolitical30 Sep 2026

Does the US procurement memorandum reach Canadian firms that pay no duty?

“It reaches a Canadian firm whose US revenue is a federal contract rather than a shipment, and it is not a customs matter.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America

Answered in: Executive summary · What would change it

Geoeconomic30 Sep 2026

What would change the reading?

“The reading would change with a new proclamation amending the exclusion annexes or the duty lists, or a revision of U.S. note 51; none was found to 30 September 2026.”

The brief’s reading of the evidence; not a registered forecast.

Primary Canada Affected United States of America

Countries in this questionCanadaUnited States of America
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