Energy: who supplies whom, by which route

Sources, method and licences

Flows: each line is one supplier, one buyer and one fuel, at the latest figure on file at or before the chosen year (older figures are drawn fainter and say their year). Volumes keep each publisher's unit; only exact scalings are applied (t to thousand t, TWh to GWh), so crude (kb/d), products and coal (thousand t), gas (bcm) and electricity (GWh) are never added together. Line weight shows either the buyer's dependence on the supplier (share of its imports of that fuel) or, for one fuel at a time, the volume. "Mirror" flows come from the partner's reported exports where the buyer publishes nothing; they are a lower bound. Sea routes are modelled (searoute on the Eurostat MARNET network and Strature's schematic basin lanes); pipelines and grid links are drawn schematically and named at region level; nothing marks a facility. Share through a strait = the sum of the buyer's import shares on flows whose modelled route passes it (our calculation). The scenario shown under a strait is the library scenario of that strait's scenario page, quoted as approved: illustrative arithmetic on stated assumptions; not a forecast; not advice. No prices are shown.

Every figure on this page was checked against its source, or comes from an official open dataset accepted at source level; figures not verified are left out. Country and territory names follow common usage and imply no position on sovereignty. Data version ; partner data retrieved .